What is the new DOCTYPE?

DOCTYPE declaration is a relation to a Document Type Definition (DTD), which specifies the formal syntax rules of the markup language. No browser has ever used DTDs for anything or maybe accessed them.
 
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not an HTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in. In HTML 4.01, the <!DOCTYPE> declaration refers to a DTD, because HTML 4.01 was based on SGML.
 
A document type declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular SGML or XML document (for example, a webpage) with a document type definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a particular version of HTML1.0 - HTML 4.0).
 
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