What are the most effective SEO tactics right now?

The most effective is to follow the guidelines for onpage optimization, before anything else make sure your site is onpage optimized. After that if you are going to start link building to your site make sure you start it the right way, how? Look and link only to relevant, high quality niche sites.
 
The most effective on page and off page techniques are:

1. On page:
Keyword research
Meta tags and title
Meta description
Robots.txt file
Sitemap generation
Content development
Image optimization

2. Off page:
Guest posting
Article submission
Press release submission
Social bookmarks
Classified ads
Infographics submission
Social media optimization
 
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