301 redirect is the most efficient and Search Engine Friendly method for webpage redirection. It's not that hard to implement and it should preserve your search engine rankings for that particular page. If you have to change file names or move pages around, it's the safest option. The code "301" is interpreted as "moved permanently".
A 302 redirect is a temporary redirect. There are very few instances where this type of redirect should be used, but unfortunately it is the easiest to implement. This means that many webmasters unfamiliar with search engine mechanics use the wrong type of redirect.