On-Page SEO techniques are:
Keyword analysis
Content writing
submission of robots.txt and sitemap.xml
Use of meta tags, h1 tag, alt text, title tag in HTML codes
Google Analytics
Google Webmaster tool
Google Disavow tool etc.
Off-Page SEO techniques includes: Link-building in:
Directories
Social bookmarking
Forums
Blogs/Article submissions
Press release submission
Infrographic submission
PDF sharing etc.